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- <text id=90TT0420>
- <title>
- Feb. 12, 1990: Forest Of Dreams
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
- Feb. 12, 1990 Scaling Down Defense
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- ESSAY, Page 74
- Forest of Dreams
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>By Lance Morrow
- </p>
- <p> With the names of trees you can make a fine pagan bouquet
- of words: hornbeam, ginkgo, quickbeam, oak, white willow,
- tamarind, Lombardy poplar, false cypress, elder, laburnum,
- larch, baobab, black gum, rowan, hazel, whitebeam, tree of
- heaven, ash...
- </p>
- <p> At one time trees were sacred. Gods inhabited them and took
- their forms. Trees were druidic. They rose out of the earth,
- gesticulating, tossing their hair. They were the tenderest
- life-form: cooling, sheltering, calming, enigmatic. Or else
- they might harbor terrors: beasts and devils in the dark
- forest. They were, in either case, magic. Still are, of course,
- although they have also evolved into mere lumber.
- </p>
- <p> The spiritual descendants of those who worshiped trees may
- sentimentalize them now as some green sermon. Ronald Reagan did
- not. Once during the 1980 campaign, in a nuke-the-wimps frame
- of mind, Reagan claimed that no matter what environmentalists
- say, trees are a source of deadly pollution. On the campaign
- plane later, Reagan's press secretary James Brady sighted
- forests below and shouted, "Killer trees! Killer trees!" It
- seems that Reagan was confusing nitrous oxide with deadlier
- oxides of nitrogen. Never mind.
- </p>
- <p> The Republican President in the White House now may not
- poeticize trees--he takes a certain pride in not poeticizing
- anything--but he does have a fine secular appreciation of
- what trees do. They hold the earth and scrub the air. Chop them
- down, and the world becomes a moonscape in a greenhouse.
- Egypt's eastern desert is a cautionary text: each tree in the
- sparse landscape is under the protection of a Bedouin family.
- Sometimes the people build a wall around each tree to guard the
- leaves from goats.
- </p>
- <p> George Bush, who said he wanted to be an environmental
- President, is making trees a kind of fetish of his
- Administration. In his budget submitted last week, Bush
- allotted $175 million to plant 1 billion trees this year. By
- the year 2000 there should be 10 billion new trees that
- eventually should absorb 13 million tons of carbon dioxide a
- year, or 5% of the nation's annual emissions of the gas.
- </p>
- <p> The news is that a larger environmental ambition is in
- harness. John Kennedy launched the Peace Corps. There may be
- some symmetry in the fact that a man in the Bush White House
- has hatched the idea for something called the Earth Corps,
- which will try to enact the spirit of the last line of
- Kennedy's Inaugural Address in 1961: "Here on earth God's work
- must truly be our own."
- </p>
- <p> The Earth Corps is the inspiration of James Pinkerton, the
- 31-year-old Deputy Assistant to the President for Policy
- Planning. Pinkerton did not begin by thinking about trees, but
- rather about the wreckage of America's inner cities and the
- prospects that face young black males. Looking for an approach
- to the problem, he considered the way that the Army, at its
- best, trains people--teaches them discipline, teamwork and
- such values as courage, honor, strength, loyalty, pride. The
- experience, when all goes well, can transform lives. The welfare
- system institutionalizes an abject status quo and produces
- generations of angry, mired victims.
- </p>
- <p> Pinkerton made a triangular connection among these points:
- the unused energy and gifts of young blacks, the real needs of
- the environment, and the motivating focus of some parts of
- military life. Pinkerton wanted to remove the Earth Corps from
- direct Government (and therefore congressional/political)
- control and from the sort of bureaucratic and ideological
- overelaboration that came with the Great Society. Unlike
- Franklin Roosevelt's Civilian Conservation Corps, which was run
- by the U.S. Army, the Earth Corps is to be not a Government
- agency but a nonprofit corporation funded by private donations
- and perhaps eventually some Government grants. Its director and
- chief executive officer is John Wheeler, 45, an intense,
- effective idealist who graduated from West Point in 1966,
- served in Viet Nam, took degrees from Harvard Business School
- and Yale Law School and among other things headed the
- foundation that got the Viet Nam Veterans Memorial installed on
- the Mall in Washington.
- </p>
- <p> With a grant of $300,000 in seed money from the Annie E.
- Casey Foundation and office space near the White House donated
- by lawyer Allan Fox, Wheeler is developing plans to establish
- an Earth Corps Academy, probably in Virginia, by next year. The
- corps will recruit 500 cadets for a two-year tour of service
- that will start with three months of forestry, academic and
- environmental training at the academy. The recruits will be
- young men--and women--ages 16 to 21, with preference given
- to attracting the poor. Recruits will have to pass a qualifying
- examination and must be drug free. Their main work will be
- reforesting the nation, starting with some 1.3 million acres of
- South Carolina that were torn apart by Hurricane Hugo.
- Eventually, Wheeler hopes, the corps will attract 4,000
- recruits a year. By encouraging local and state conservation
- corps as well, the Earth Corps may be able to double Bush's 10
- billion trees by the year 2000.
- </p>
- <p> Cadets will wear uniforms with the Earth Corps insignia (the
- earth seen from space and the words TRUTH, DUTY, ONE EARTH.)
- They will receive food, shelter and the minimum wage, a portion
- to be set aside in savings. When a cadet leaves the corps, he
- will have technical skills and environmental training. The
- corps will work to find him a job or a path to higher
- education.
- </p>
- <p> Pinkerton and Wheeler are concerned that the military image
- might deter recruits. It is the military esprit they want, not
- military coercion or rigidity. Wheeler is also steering 10,000
- miles clear of the welfare mentality. The corps will not be
- remedial, not mandatory, not a punishment, not an entitlement,
- not cushy and not trivial. Excellence and dignity are words
- that recur in Wheeler's conversation. Cadets will do hard,
- necessary work--reforestation, fire fighting, fire
- prevention, wetland protection, cleaning up oil spills and
- protecting habitats for endangered species.
- </p>
- <p> The Earth Corps is still a seedling. But it is a daring
- idea. From the first landfall, the logic of the American
- enterprise was the ax, clearing the way west through
- wilderness. That was a way to make a civilization, as Brazil
- is now making a civilization by burning itself down. The idea
- of the Earth Corps draws a line that circles back to the
- sacred.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
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